The answer is: The nearest relative of the victim

Numbers 35:16-21 - The avenger of blood, typically a family member, ensured justice for murder, reflecting God’s concern for justice and order.

In ancient Israel, the concept of “blood guilt” was a serious matter tied closely to community and family justice. The obligation for avenging blood doesn’t simply speak to a need for retribution but also shows the deep value God placed on human life and the sanctity of relationships within the community. The avenger of blood, often a relative, allowed families to participate directly in maintaining justice, which was vital in an age where central authority was either diffuse or absent.

The role of the avenger emphasizes the familial bond; it was their responsibility to restore balance within the community when someone was killed. Notably, in many cultures, including ancient Rome and medieval Europe, it was common for family members to act as avengers. This echoes an important principle of tribal justice that values life and individuated action over perceived bland state rewards for justice.

Interestingly, during the time of the New Testament, we can see echoes of this principle in various texts emphasizing provision for justice and mercy. The expansive definitions of familial relations we encounter in communities illustrate how this principle transcended mere bloodlines; kindness extended through pardons, treating one’s neighbor well, becomes quite crucial, mirroring themes seen in today’s discussions of community justice. Essentially, these biblical tenets continue to beckon toward communal responsibility for affright and dispute.